A Declaration of the Informed and Concerned 03-07-2006
We, the undersigned, are justifiably concerned, anguished and outraged that:
· Over 500 million human beings suffer from malaria in Africa and around the world annually. This is more people than live in the United States, Canada and Mexico combined.
· Well over a million of these people – mostly children and pregnant women – are killed by malaria each and every year.
· Malaria wreaks an enormous economic toll, incapacitating otherwise productive people, leaving thousands with brain damage, and keeping millions at home to care for the sick, instead of producing goods and services to lift Africa and other regions out of unacceptable, abject poverty.
· The United States, Europe and other advanced economies have failed to use every available means to stop the devastation that malarial mosquitoes inflict upon the world’s poorest citizens. They are the same methods we used to eradicate malaria in our countries. Yet, we have mindlessly withheld them from other people for over 30 years – to tragic, almost genocidal effect.
· Almost none of the $200 million that US taxpayers contribute to world malaria control each year is actually spent to kill or repel the deadly mosquitoes that inject parasites into the bloodstreams of their victims. These shortsighted policies fail to recognize that spraying small amounts of DDT on the interior walls of homes can effectively kill or repel malarial mosquitoes – giving long-lasting protection to the families within.
· Amazingly, some in government even oppose using malaria control monies to kill the parasite that malarial mosquitoes transmit from person to person! These individuals would block or limit funding for the purchase of medicines, such as artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), which cure malaria and inhibit its spread wherever they are used.
· DDT as yet plays no part in the program announced by President Bush in July 2005, to spend an additional $1.2 billion on malaria control over the next five years. Without DDT and ACTs, this spending will be needlessly wasted, along with millions of additional lives.
We understand the facts about DDT and its historic opponents, as summarized in the Background and References, below. We now seek humane, heroic action by US leaders to alter the ugly course of human history with regard to malaria.
Our objective: To end malaria’s worldwide reign of terror
We want to slash disease and death tolls in Africa and worldwide, by changing the way the US government funds malaria control. We want cost-effective measures that actually kill and repel malarial mosquitoes, eliminate parasites, cure malaria patients – and save lives.
We therefore ask Congress and the President to:
· Ensure that at least 2/3 (two-thirds) of annual Congressional appropriations for malaria control are earmarked for insecticidal and medicinal commodities – with up to half of such monies targeted to the treatment and cure of infected patients.
· Specifically direct such funds to the actual purchase and deployment of: (1) DDT, or any other proven, more cost-effective insecticide/repellant, for Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) in any given malarial locality; and (2) of ACTs, or other equally effective and durable drugs, for treatment of malaria patients and reduction in disease transmission rates.
· Require that this 2/3 formula be mirrored in the annual malaria control spending by any agency receiving US malaria control monies – such as US Agency for International Development, World Health Organization, World Bank, UNICEF, Roll Back Malaria, and Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis.
· Direct that this 2/3 proportion will be subject to reduction ONLY if replaced by corresponding expenditures for any malaria control measure (such as larvaciding) that has been proven equally or more cost-effective in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality rates in specific localities – as certified, in advance of such expenditure and replacement, by the directors of the US Centers for Disease Control, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences or similar independent agency, based on controlled epidemiological studies in the field.
In full accord with the UN Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, this objective contemplates DDT use only for indoor residual spraying (which results in zero-to-negligible external environmental residue) – and not for aerial or any other form of outdoor application.[1] It does not contemplate the use of insecticides, including insecticide-treated mosquito nets, not shown to be more cost-effective than indoor residual spraying with DDT for all members of affected populations.
In the absence of empirical evidence to the contrary, we the undersigned regard as inadequate – and therefore morally unacceptable – any policy that permits any sum in excess of one-third of US anti-malaria funding to be expended on contractors, consultants, “technical assistance,†conferences, “capacity building,†overhead, bed nets or similar measures, rather than the proven insecticidal and medical interventions described above.
Bureaucrats, contractors, academics, insecticide companies, anti-pesticide activists and other self-interested parties have frequently protested that DDT for indoor residual spraying is no panacea – and falsely claimed that alternative methods work equally well in controlling malaria. However, the fact is, nothing in the history of man has proven more effective than the combination of insecticides such as DDT and effective medicines like ACTs, for saving human lives from the scourge of malaria.
DDT enabled the United States, Europe and most advanced economies to eradicate malaria. It must now be permitted and encouraged to start saving lives in Africa, Asia, Latin America and other parts of the world where malarial mosquitoes continue to kill thousands of innocent children and parents every day. Because:
· Allocation decisions on US appropriations for malaria control must be made by Congress and the White House;
· The US foreign aid and multilateral aid bureaucracies have proven themselves incompetent and unwilling over many years to make effective commodity purchases and allocation decisions;
· Most of the world, including the World Health Organization, has endorsed DDT for indoor residual spraying through the UN Stockholm Convention; and
· Americans and most of the world embrace health, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness as fundamental Human Rights – and yet the effect of current malaria policies is to deny those Human Rights to billions of the world’s poorest people;
Now, therefore, we the undersigned Coalition of the Informed and Concerned hold that the burden of scientific and moral proof rests with any who would argue that more than one-third of US and world malaria control spending should support measures other than DDT and ACTs (or any other proven, more cost-effective interventions) for combating this horrific disease.
If and when the opponents of DDT and ACTs can show and obtain certification as provided above that something else works better to save human lives from malaria, we the undersigned will readily – ev
en eagerly – accede to something less than this two-thirds formula.
Until then, however, we will fight furiously for every human life now hanging in the balance, as a function of current, myopic, errant and unconscionable US and global malaria control policies.
We urge all people of conscience, moral conviction and human decency to join us in ending malaria’s reign of terror in Africa and the developing world. We hereby implore Congress and the President to stop the misguided malaria spending, stop the talking, and finally take real action to:
Kill Malarial Mosquitoes NOW!
Signatories:
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements of the Declaration.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Desmond M Tutu Nobel Peace Laureate (1984), Archbishop Emeritus, South Africa
- W. de KlerkNobel Peace Laureate (1993), Former President of South Africa
Norman E. Borlaug, PhD Nobel Peace Laureate (1970), Professor of International Agriculture, Texas
Edwin Meese III Former Attorney General of the United States
Norris McDonald African American Environmentalist Association
Andrew Spielman, PhD Professor of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health
Admiral Harold M. Koenig, MD Former Surgeon General of the US Navy (retired), Maryland
Patrick Moore, PhD Co-founder of Greenpeace and forest ecologist, British Columbia, Canada
Kenneth D. Christman, MD President, Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, Ohio
Elizabeth Whelan, ScD President, American Council on Science & Health, New York
Robert S. Desowitz, PhD Professor Emeritus, Tropical Medicine, U of Hawaii and N Carolina
Abere Mihrete, PhD Director, Anti-Malaria Association, Ethiopia
- Fazlur RahmanFormerSecretary, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Bangladesh
Harry C. Alford President & CEO, Natl Black Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC
Roy Innis National Chairman, Congress of Racial Equality, New York
Rabbi Daniel Lapin President, Toward Tradition, Washington
- Calvin Beisner, PhDAssociate Professor, Knox Theological Seminary, Florida
Reverend Robert Sirico President, Acton Institute for the Study of Religion & Liberty, Michigan
Rev. Ren Broekhuizen Retired Pastor and former African Missionary, Michigan and Wyoming
Samuel C Wolgemuth Vice Chair, World Relief Corporation, Illinois
David M. Stanley Chairman, National Taxpayers Union, Washington, DC
- Kenneth Cribb, Jr.Former Domestic Policy Advisor to President Ronald Reagan
David M. Beasley Former Governor of South Carolina
John L. Boone Chairman & Founder, Presbyterian Action for Faith and Freedom
Director, Institute for Religion & Democracy
Signatories:
Physicians, infectious disease experts and scientists 1
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Amir Attaran, D Phil, LLB Canada Research Chair, Institute of Population Health; Faculty of Law
University of Ottawa, Canada
Roger Bate, PhD Fellow, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC
Norman E. Borlaug, PhD Distinguished Professor of International Agriculture, Texas A&M Univ
1970 Nobel Peace Laureate and Father of the “Green Revolution, Texas
US National Medal of Science laureate, 2005
Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap Professor of Entomology (PhD), Kasetsart University, Thailand
Kenneth D. Christman, MD President, Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, Ohio
Robert S. Desowitz, PhD Professor Emeritus, Tropical Medicine and Medical Microbiology,
University of Hawaii, and ScD (London), North Carolina
Ildefonso Fernández-Salas Director, Laboratory of Medical Entomology and Graduate Program in
Medical Entomology, University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico
Mary R. Galinski, PhD Associate Professor, Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Founder & President, Malaria Foundation International
Nancy Kerkvliet, PhD Professor of Toxicology, Oregon State University, Oregon
Admiral Harold M. Koenig, MD Former Surgeon General of the US Navy (retired), Maryland
Patrick Moore, PhD Co-founder of Greenpeace, forest ecologist
Chairman and Chief Scientist, Greenspirit Strategies, Canada
Andrew Spielman, PhD Professor of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health
Donald E. Waite, DO, MPH Professor Emeritus, Michigan State University, Michigan
Author of Environmental Health Hazards: Recognition and Avoidance
Elizabeth Whelan, ScD President, American Council on Science & Health, New York
Robert J. Cihak, MD Past President, Association of American Physicians and Surgeons
Columnist for NewsMax.com and JewishWorldReview.com, Washington
Sylvie Manguin, PhD Research Professor in Medical Entomology, Institut de Recherche pour
le Développement (IRD), France
Jane M. Orient, MD President, Doctors For Disaster Preparedness, Arizona
Donald R. Roberts, PhD Professor of Health, Specialty in tropical public health, Maryland
Yasmin Rubio-Palis, PhD Chief Biologist, Ministry of Health, Venezuela
Leslie M. Burger, MD, FACP Major General, U.S. Army (Ret), US Veterans Health Administration
Maj. Gen. Vernon Chong, MD U.S. Air Force (retired), California
Capt. Thomas J. Contreras, PhD Medical Service Corps, United States Navy (retired)
Former Commanding Officer, Naval Medical Research Institute
Admiral W J McDaniel, MD United States Navy (retired), Washington
Admiral Melvin Museles, MD US Navy (ret), former Assoc Dean, Military Medical School, Florida
Richard Andre, PhD Professor, Medical Zoology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Maryland
Mushtuq_Husain, MBBS, PhD Senior Scientific Officer, Department of Medical Social Science,
Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control & Research, Bangladesh
Signatories:
Physicians, infectious disease experts and scientists 2
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Monthathip Kongmee, MS Entomologist, Department of Entomology, Kasetsart Univ, Thailand
Jean Mouchet Professor of Public Health, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
(IRD), France
James L. Pendleton, MD Past President, Assn of American Physicians & Surgeons, Pennsylvania
- Fazlur RahmanManaging Director, Ahsania Mission Cancer/General Hospital Project
Former Secretary, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
Former Secretary, Ministry of Science & Technology (now ICT),
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Gilbert Ross, MD Executive and Medical Dir, Amer Council on Science & Health, NY
Jerome C. Arnett, MD Private practice, internal and pulmonary medicine, West Virginia
Sir Colin Berry Professor of anatomy and histopathology, University of London
Former Dean of the London Hospital Medical College
Paul K. Branch, MD Private Practice, Ma
dison, Wisconsin
John W. Brimmell, PhD, MPH Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia
Richard E. Brown, MD Pediatrician, Mesa, Arizona
Melanie Confusione, RN After-Hours Pediatrics Urgent Care, Florida
Participant in periodic healthcare missions to Africa
Robert F. Conkling, MD Private Family Practice, Virginia
Ruth R Currin, RN Grosse Ile, MI
Cheryl Durstein-Decker MD Director, Shattering Darkness, Inc, Florida and Burkina Faso
Charles G Erickson MD Pediatric Consultant, Lincoln, Nebraska
Abraham S. Feigenbaum, PhD Nutritional biochemist (retired), Highland Park, NJ
Sarah P. Fellows, MPH Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Missouri
Major Shormin Ara Ferdousi, MD Child Specialist, Combined Military Hospital, Bangladesh
Dr Valeria Frighi Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, England
Scott Geller MD Private practice in ophthalmology, Fort Myers, Florida
Bruce Goldman, PhD Science journalist (medicine and cancer), California
Jeffrey M. Hartog, DMD, MD Plastic Surgeon, Winter Park, Florida
Marjorie Mazel Hecht Managing Editor, 21st Century Science & Technology, Virginia
Peter H. Helseth, MD, Minneapolis, MN
Sandy Hoar, MPAS, PA-C Asst Clinical Professor, George Washington Univ, Washington, DC
George Isajiw, MD Private Practice, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania
Rajiv Jain, MD, DO Emergency room physician, Virginia
Associate Professor, Marshall U Medical Center, Lavalette, WV
James Johnsen, MD Private practice, Fairfax, Virginia
Kusuma Johnsen, MD Cardiac care nurse, Fairfax, VA and Bangkok, Thailand
Jeffrey Kemprecos Director, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Turkey
Jay Lehr, PhD Science Director, Heartland Institute, Illinois
Signatories:
Physicians, infectious disease experts and scientists 3
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Christiane J. Levine, RN Coordinator, Student Leaders Against Malaria, Emory Univ, Georgia
Former chair, International Affairs, Atlanta Women’s Club
Russell C. Libby, MD Pediatric medicine, Fairfax, VA
Joyce Lockard, PhD Virologist (retired), Oregon
Member, American Association of University Women
Angela Logomasini, MS Director, Risk and Envir Policy, Competitive Enterprise Inst, Virginia
Brian MacWhinney Professor of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh
Jack D. McCarthy, MD Private practice, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Tomas McFie, PhD Owner and director of wellness centers in Oregon, Virginia and Idaho
Wilbur K. Milhous, PhD Chief Science Officer for Therapeutics
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Maryland
Henry I. Miller, MD Fellow, The Hoover Institution, Stanford University, California
Lorraine Mooney Medical Demographer, Africa Fighting Malaria, England
Charles F. Morton, DDS Union City, MI
Daniel Pasquier, MD, PhD Neurologist, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
Arthur B. Robinson, PhD President, Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine, Oregon
Mauricio Humberto Rodriguez Chief of Public Health, Amazon Region, Colombia, South America
Professor Gustavo C. Rossi Mosquito Taxonomist, Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de
Vectores, Argentina
Marvin R. Rush, MD Huntingburg, Indiana
Sally L. Satel, MD Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC
Amma A. Semenya PhD candidate, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Georgia
Aye Yu Soe, MBBS, DMA Humphrey Fellow, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory U, Georgia
Former researcher in clinical malaria, Burma
Dr. Oscar Daniel Salomón, MD Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación de Endemo-epidemias,
Argentina
Hugo Schmidt Molecular biologist, Great Britain
Roy W. Spencer, PhD Principal Research Scientist, Earth System Science Center,
The University of Alabama in Huntsville
Philip Stevens Director, Health Programme, International Policy Network
Anwarul Hasan Sufi, PhD Professor and former chairman, Department of Psychology,
University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Rutledge Taylor, DO/MDCRTPrivate practice, Los Angeles, CA
- Stephen ThompsonPresident &CEO, Immtech International, Inc., Illinois
Former GM, Hepatitis & Infectious Disease Unit, Abbott Laboratories
John J. Verdon, Jr, MD Private practice, Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, New Jersey
Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Univ. of Dentistry & Medicine of NJ
David L. Wood, MD Clinical Professor of Plastic Surgery, University of California at Irvine
Signatories:
Religious and human rights leaders 1
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements of the Declaration.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Harry C. Alford President & CEO, Natl Black Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC
- Calvin Beisner, PhDAssociate Professor, Knox Theological Seminary, Florida
Member of Advisory Board, Interfaith Stewardship Alliance
John L. Boone Director, Institute on Religion and Democracy, Washington, DC
Chairman and Founder, Presbyterian Action for Faith and Freedom
Director, The Presbyterian Lay Committee
Rev. Ren Broekhuizen Retired Pastor and former African Missionary, Michigan and Wyoming
- Ligon Duncan III, PhDSenior Minister, First Presbyterian Church, Mississippi
President, Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals
Roy Innis National Chairman, Congress of Racial Equality, New York
Rabbi Daniel Lapin President, Toward Tradition, Washington
Member of Advisory Board, Interfaith Stewardship Alliance
Garry J. Moes Advisory Board member, Interfaith Stewardship Alliance, California
Editor/Publisher, Graybrook Institute; Former editor, Associated Press
Reverend Robert Sirico President, Acton Institute for the Study of Religion & Liberty, Michigan
Member of Advisory Board, Interfaith Stewardship Alliance
Daniel Wolgemuth President and CEO, Youth for Christ/USA
Samuel C Wolgemuth Former President and CEO of Freedom Communications, Inc, Illinois
Vice Chair, World Relief Corporation (relief and development arm of
The National Association of Evangelicals)
Mary Jo Anderson Contributing Editor, Crisis Magazine
Reverend Paul W. Baer Host, Pediatric Ward, University Medical Center, Arizona
Pastor Emeritus, Our Savior’s Lutheran Church, Arizona
Michael Bauman, PhD Professor of Theology and Culture, Hillsdale College, Michigan
Reverend John Michael Beers Dean, Ave Maria University, Florida
Member of Advisory Board, Interfaith Stewardship Alliance
Rabbi Joshua Ben-Gideon Assistant Rabbi, Congregation Olam Tikvah, Fairfax, VA
Rabbi Joel Berman Ohev Tzedek – Sha’arei Torah Congregation, Ohio
Corbin Boekhaus Student, Divinity School of Wake Forest University, North Carolina
Ray Bohlin, PhD President, Probe Ministries, Texas
Istvan Borzasi President, Convention of Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania
Pastor Ren Broekhuizen Former missionary to Africa (retired), Michigan
Raquel Burciaga Mission Amen Lima, Peru
Scott Bryant Westminster Theological Seminary
Reverend Jeffrey E. Carroll Trinity Community Church, Maryland
Reverend David F. Chandler Pastor, Trinity Covenant Chur
ch, Connecticut
Mary Connelly Cathedral of St. Paul, Minnesota
Father Stuart Cranshaw Priest in Charge, Holy Trinity Church, Wyoming
Spiritual Advisor, Welch Cancer Center
Rev. Ronald T. Davidson President and Founder, Gleaning for the World, Virginia
Signatories:
Religious and human rights leaders 2
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements of the Declaration.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Donald A. DeSmith The Servants of the Word, Michigan
Father Phillip W. DeVous Chaplain, Thomas More College, Kentucky
Maxie D. Dunnam Chancellor, Asbury Theological Seminar, Tennessee
Trenton D. Eastman Pastor, Beverly Hills Baptist Church, West Virginia
Scott Erbe InterVarsity Christian Fellowship, Western Michigan University
Todd R. Flanders, PhD Headmaster, Providence Academy, Minnesota
Doug Floyd President, Spring of Light Ministries, Tennessee
Pheiga Gabisinpou Relief & Development Coordinator, Asian Baptist Federation
Joseph E. Gorra Managing Editor, Philosophia Christi, California
Reverend Scott R. Greenway Pastor, Caledonia Christian Reformed Church, Michigan
Reverend Bo Helmich Associate Pastor, Grace Church of the Roaring Fork Valley, Colorado
Ismael Hernandez Exec Director, African Caribbean American Catholic Center, Florida
Reverend Irfon Hughes Pastor, Hillcrest Presbyterian Church, Volant, Pennsylvania
Member of Advisory Board, Interfaith Stewardship Alliance
Jerry Johnson, MACS, MPhil Director, The Apologetics Group, Virginia
Lynn Kennedy Founder and missionary, Shattering Darkness, Inc, Burkina Faso
John R. Khushal Associate Director, India Campus Crusade for Christ, India
Reverend Malcolm M. King III Pastor, First Presbyterian Church, Tennessee
Reverend David S. Klompien Pastor, Dutton United Reformed Church, Michigan
Henry Krabbendam Chairman Africa Christian Training Institute, Georgia
Scott B. Luley, PhD Director, Christian Leadership Ministries, Eastern Region, New Jersey
Sister Mary Louise Matt Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, Minnesota
Retired teacher and diocesan director of religious education
Kris Mauren Exec Dir, Acton Institute for the Study of Religion & Liberty, Michigan
Father C. Eugene Morris Director, Office of the Permanent Diaconate, St. Louis, Missouri
Asst Professor of Sacramental Theology, Kenrick-Glennon Seminary
Juan Jose Ramirez Ochoa Assistant Professor, Universidad Francisco Marroquin, Guatemala
Harold Orndorff Campus Minister, Christian Student Fellowship, Northern Kentucky U
Father Hector R G Perez, STD St. Stephen Congregation, Florida
Rabbi Gary Perras Temple Israel, Daytona Beach, Florida
Scott Rae Professor, Talbot School of Theology, Biola University, California
Rolf and Sherri Ronstadt Directors, International Ambassadors for Christ, Illinois
Austin Ruse President, Catholic Family and Human Rights Initiative
Nelda Smothers Int’l Service Corp missionary, Southern Baptist Convention, Illinois
Jude Chua Soo Meng, PhD Assistant Professor, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
William Sweetman, PhD Lecturer in Theology, University of Otago, New Zealand
Kenneth Gary Talbot, PhD President and Professor, Whitefield Theological Seminary, Florida
Matthew A. Tapie Assistant Minister, Farmers Branch Church of Christ, Texas
David Thurman Chaplain
Signatories:
Religious and human rights leaders 3
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements of the Declaration.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Bekeh Utietiang Student in Theology and Religious Studies, Catholic U of America
Peter H. VandeBrake, MDiv, PhD Headmaster, North Hills Classical Academy
Michael Voet Chair, Wisconsin Social Concerns Ministry
Reverend Curtis Walters Pastor, Covenant Christian Reformed Church, Michigan
Rabbi Daniel M. Zucker Chairman, Americans for Democracy in the Middle-East, New York.
Professor of Hebrew Language, Long Island University
Linda Bly Healthcare and women’s rights advocate, Vermont
Cyril Boynes, Jr. Director, Global Role Models Fund, New York
International Affairs Director, Congress of Racial Equality
- Ronald EvansPresident, National Business League, Washington, DC
Niger Innis National Spokesman, Congress of Racial Equality, New York
Dr. Rosemary M. Jensen President and General Director, Rafiki Foundation, Inc., Texas
Joseph Lovece, Jr. President and CEO, Northstar-Foley Contracting Group, New York
Board Member, Congress of Racial Equality
Norris McDonald President, African American Environmentalist Association, Maryland
Carl L. McGill CEO and Chairman, Black Chamber of Commerce of Los Angeles, CA
Assistant Western Regional Director, Congress of Racial Equality
John Meredith Member, Project 21, Virginia
Empowerment, Washington, DC and Kenya
Sam Togba Slewion Social worker, journalist, anti-malaria activist, Liberia & Pennsylvania
Lee H. Walker President, New Coalition for Social and Economic Change, Illinois
Signatories:
African clergy, disease experts, scholars, and political and business leaders 1
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Desmond M Tutu Archbishop Emeritus, Cape Town Diocese, South Africa
1984 Nobel Peace Laureate
- W. de KlerkFormer President of South Africa
1993 Nobel Peace Laureate
Reverend Chanshi Chanda Acton International Affiliate, Zambia
Bishop Bernard Njoroge Episcopal Bishop of Nairobe, Kenya
Member of the Kenyan Constitutional Commission
Hajiya Ashe Galadima Bama Local Government, Nigeria
Christina Dlamini Irvin Member, Royal Family of Swaziland
Hon. General Elly Tumwine Senior Presidential Adviser and Member of Parliament., Uganda
Chairman, The Creations Ltd.
John Dada, PhD, RN, MPH Programs Director, Fantsuam Foundation, Nigeria
Dzabu Dlamini, MBA Financial analyst, Swaziland
Dr Fatai A. Fehintola, PhD Senior Lecturer and Consultant Physician/Clinical Pharmacologist
Dept of Clinical Pharmacology, University College Hospital, Nigeria
Joseph Harvey, MD, MPH&TM Diplomate ABFP Medical Director, Pioneer Christian Hospital,
Impfondo, Republic of Congo (Brazzaville)
Rebecca S. Harvey, RN Missionary Nurse, Republic of Congo (Brazzaville)
Robert T. Jensen, MD Founder, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
John P. Kabayo, PhD Coordinator, Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication
Campaign, African Union, Ethiopia
Former Member of Parliament of Uganda
Dr. Ronel Kellerman MBChB (Pretoria), DTM&H (Liverpool), MSc (LSTMH)
Specialist, School of Public Health, Wits University, South Africa
Professor Wen L. Kilama Managing Trustee, African Malaria Network Trust (AMANET),
Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology, Tanzania
Cindy Korir, PhD Malaria Research Program, Vaccine Center, Emory Univ, Georgia
Native of Kenya
Makundi Emmanuel, MPhil Medical Sociologist, Health Systems and Policy Research Department
Nationa
l Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania
Abere Mihrete, PhD Director, Anti-Malaria Association, Ethiopia
Pauline NM Mwinzi, PhD Senior Research Officer, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
John Spurrier, MD Medical Advisor to the Executive Director, Macha Mission Hospital,
Zambia
Antoine Leonard van Gelder, MD Professor and Head of Internal Medicine Department, University of
Pretoria, South Africa
Mamane N. Garba, PharmD Research scientist, Niger, and Graduate Student, Emory Univ, Georgia
Paul Ndebele Bioethicist, Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
Syrulwa Somah, PhD Professor of Environmental Health, North Carolina A&T State Univ.
Executive Director, Liberian History, Education Development, Inc.
Signatories:
African clergy, disease experts, scholars, and political and business leaders 2
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Akinyi J. Arunga Inter-Region Economic Network, Kenya
George Ayittey President, Free Africa Foundation, Washington, DC
Thompson Ayodele Director, Institute of Public Policy Analysis, Nigeria
Olanrewaju Bamgbose Chief Operating Officer, Development Concepts, Inc, Nigeria
Bitrus Cobongs President, Africa Center for Mentorship, Texas
Franklin Cudjoe Director, Imani Ghana Centre for Humane Education, Ghana
Eustace Davie Director, Free Market Foundation, South Africa
Simon Gusah Project Manager, People-Centered Development for Tivland, Nigeria
William Hearmon Director, Red Chilies Enterprises, Botswana
Busisiwe Irvin Film Co-Star, Roll Bounce, Swaziland
Kelvin Kemm, PhD (physics) CEO, Stratek Business Strategy Consultants, South Africa
Gertrude Kihunrwa Mother and malaria control advocate, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Fiona Kobusingye Farmer, businesswoman and Malaria educator, Uganda
Titus Korir Corporate Affairs Director, James Finlay, Ltd., Kenya
Leon Louw Executive Director, Free Market Foundation of South Africa
Jojo Mulunda Board member, African Student Association, Emory Univ, Georgia
Native of Democratic Republic of Congo
Mulekye T. Mukoko, MIS, BAC Founder, Uzima International Inc (NGO), Maryland
Associate, Avmark, Inc, United States; native of Congo
Oliver Mupila, PhD Executive Director for the Network of Asylees and Advocates Against
Terror and Torture, Texas
Former Commissioner General, Afro-Elder International, Zambia
Vincent Kasuende Ntambwe Master in Tropical Medicine, Medical Demographer, native of Congo
Chairman of Board, Uzima International (NGO), Belgium
Anthony Okonmah Executive Director, Foundation for Democracy in Africa, Florida
Fred Oladeinde President/CEO, Foundation for Democracy in Africa, Washington, DC
Rosemary S. Segero President & CEO, Humanitarian Initiative for Community Development
Professor Themba Sono President, Alliance of Free Democrats, South Africa
President, University of South Africa Convocation
Hoangizaw Tegegne Coordinator, Canadian Initiative Against Malaria, Ethiopia
Richard Tren Director, Africa Fighting Malaria, South Africa
Jasson Urbach Coordinator, Africa Fighting Malaria, South Africa
- Christo Viljoen, PhDDeputy Vice Chancellor (emeritus), Stellenbosch Univ,South Africa
Mabe Akhos Wathyso General Secretary, Grapedeco International, Nairobi, Kenya
Muna A. Wreh, MPA, CSAC Development Economist, Women & Youth Advocate, Liberia
Tawanda Zidenga PhD candidate in Biosciences, Ohio State Univ, Ohio and Zimbabwe
Edmund Zingu, PhD Past President, South African Institute of Physics, South Africa
Signatories:
Educators and public policy experts 1
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Mattias Bengtsson President, Centre for the New Europe, Belgium
Ed Crane President, Cato Institute, Washington, DC
- Kenneth Cribb, Jr.President, Intercollegiate Studies Institute, Delaware
Former Domestic Policy Advisor to President Ronald Reagan
Thomas R. DeGregori, PhD Professor of Economics, University of Houston, Texas
Paul Driessen Senior Policy Advisor, Center for Defense of Free Enterprise, Virginia
Senior Policy Advisor, Congress of Racial Equality
Director, Economic Human Rights Project
Hannes Gissurarson Professor of Environmental Studies, University of Iceland
Former Chief Advisor to the Prime Minister of Iceland
Deepak Lal Professor of International Development, U of California at LA (UCLA)
Professor Emeritus of Political Economy, University College, London
Herb London President, Hudson Institute, New York
Shamim ul Moula, PhD, MBBS Chief Executive, Parallel Force for Development, Bangladesh
Chairman, Safe Life (national Bangladesh NGO)
Benny J. Peiser, PhD Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, England
- S. Prakash, PhDDirector, Ctr for Plant Biotechnology Research, Tuskegee U, Alabama
David M. Stanley Chairman, National Taxpayers Union, Washington, DC
Brian S. Wesbury Adjunct Professor of Economics, Wheaton College
Member, Academic Advisory Council: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
Talal Abu-Hassan Program Officer, Center for International Private Enterprise, Virginia
Nizam Ahmad President, Free Bangla Market, United Kingdom and Bangladesh
James Ahiakpor, PhD Professor of Economics, California State University East Bay, CA
Paul J. Allen Fisheries Research Biologist, Ball State University, Indiana
Abdullahi A. An-Na`im, PhD Charles H. Candler Professor of Law, Emory School of Law, Georgia
Alex Avery Research Director, Ctr for Global Food Issues, Hudson Inst, Virginia
Dennis Avery Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute, Virginia
Charles Baird Co-Chairman, Dept.. of Economics, Cal State University at East Bay
Whitney L. Ball Executive Director, Donors Trust, Virginia
Thomas Behr, PhD Professor, Department of History, University of Houston, Texas
George Bennett Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Millikin University, Illinois
Eneas Biglione Latin American Fellow, Atlas Foundation, Virginia and Argentina
Mr. Greg Blankenship Executive Director, Illinois Policy Institute
Karol Boudreaux Senior Fellow, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, Virginia
Hardy Bouillon, PhD Director of Academic Affairs, Centre for the New Europe, Belgium
Peter J. Brown, PhD Professor of Anthropology and Global Health, Emory Univ, Georgia
David Burgess Adjunct Professor, Institute of World Politics, Washington, DC
Peter Burgess CEO, Transparency and Accountability Network, New York
- Sterling Burnett, PhDSenior Fellow, National Center for Policy Analysis, Texas
Paul Caprio Executive Director, Family-PAC Federal, Illinois
Signatories:
Educators and public policy experts 2
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Kenneth W. Chilton, PhD Director, Institute for Study of Economics and the Environment
Associate Professor of Mana
gement, Lindenwood University, Missouri
Paul A. Cleveland Professor of Economics, Birmingham-Southern College, Alabama
Jody Clarke Communications Director, Competitive Enterprise Institute, Virginia
Gregory Conko Senior Fellow, Competitive Enterprise Institute, Virginia
Philip Coticelli Researcher, Africa Fighting Malaria, Maryland
Eleanor Craig, PhD Professor of Economics, University of Delaware
Barrie Craven, PhD Reader in Public Accountability, Newcastle Business School, England
John W. Danford, PhD Professor of Political Science, Loyola University Chicago
Karen P. Danford, PhD Adjunct Instructor, University of Chicago
Douglas E Daugherty, Sr. Coordinator, Chattanooga Resource Foundation, Tennessee
Henry L. Deneen Executive Director, Center for Global Strategies, South Carolina
Philip E. Devine, PhD Professor of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island
Thomas DeWeese President, American Policy Center, Virginia
- Edward Dickey, PhDAffiliate Professor of Economics, Loyola College of Maryland
Vicki Dunne, MLA Member for Ginninderra, Shadow Minister for Education, Australia
Richard T. Dykema Chief of Staff/Legislative Director, Representative Dana Rohrabacher
U.S. House of Representatives, California
Jon Entine Adjunct Fellow, American Enterprise Institute, Ohio
Edwar Escalante President, Andes Libres, Peru
Cesar Fernandez-Stoll President, Ferstoll Management Consultants, Ontario, Canada
Duggan Flanakin Regional Director, Committee For A Constructive Tomorrow, Texas
Michael Fumento Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute, Virginia
Castle J. Funatake Grad Research Asst, Envir & Molecular, Toxicology, Oregon State U
Glenn Goforth Headmaster, Providence Classical School
John C. Goodman President, National Center for Policy Analysis, Texas
Mark Y. Herring Dean of Library Services, Winthrop University, South Carolina
Peter Holle President, Frontier Centre for Public Policy, Manitoba, Canada
Waldemar Ingdahl Director, Eudoxa think tank, Stockholm, Sweden
Lene Johansen Director of US Operations, The Eudoxa Think Tank, Missouri
James L. Johnston First Vice President, Heartland institute, Illinois
Daniel Kahn Research Assistant, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC
Robert O. Kalbach, Ph. D Assoc. Professor of Chemistry, Finger Lakes Community College, NY
Joel M. Kauffman, PhD Professor of Chemistry Emeritus, University of Sciences, Philadelphia
Ruth Kava, PhD, RD Director of Nutrition, Amer Council on Science & Health, New York
Drew L. Kershen Professor of Law, University of Oklahoma College of Law, Oklahoma
Henry Lamb President, Environmental Conservation Organization, Tennessee
Thomas D. Lancaster, PhD Senior Assoc Dean for Undergraduate Education, Emory Univ, Georgia
Carl Lecher, PhD Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Marian College, Indianapolis, IN
Signatories:
Educators and public policy experts 3
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Michael Lee Department of Finance, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland
Leonard P. Liggio Professor and Executive VP, Atlas Economic Research Fdn, Virginia
Christopher Lingle, PhD Senior Fellow, Centre for Civil Society, India
Brad Lips Chief Operating Officer, Atlas Economic Research Fdn, Virginia
Romulo Lopez-Cordero Senior Fellow, Atlas Economic Research Foundation, Virginia
Ashley March Director of Foundation Relations, Cato Institute, Washington
Joseph P. Martino, PhD Yorktown University, Colorado
Bob McClure President and CEO, James Madison Institute, Florida
Alister McFarquhar, PhD Downing College, Cambridge University, England
Robert and Mary McIntyre The Oakwood School, Virginia
Tracy Miller Assoc. Professor of Economics, Grove City College, Pennsylvania
Steven Milloy Investment Advisor, Free Enterprise Action Fund, Maryland
Publisher, JunkScience.com
Alberto Mingardi General Director, Istituto Bruno Leoni, Italy
Barun Mitra President, Liberty Institute, India
Deroy Murdock Senior Fellow, Atlas Economic Research Foundation, New York
Sultana Nazneen, PhD Directing Staff, Higher Secondary Teachers Training Inst, Bangladesh
Nick Nichols Crisis Management Instructor, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland
- R. NicolaysenUniversity Registrar, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Eric O’Keefe President, Parents in Charge Foundation, Illinois
Gary J. Palmer President, Alabama Policy Institute, Alabama
- C. Pasour, Jr.Agricultural and Resource Economics, North Carolina State University
Sylvia Chafuen de Pasquier President, Instituto de Ciencia, EconomÃa, Educación y Salud, Bolivia
Joel Patrick Admissions Coordinator, Criswell College, Texas
Daniel S. Peters President, Ruth & Lovett Peters Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio
John G. Pierce Adjunct Professor, Modern Languages, Columbus State Comm. College
William S. Pierce Professor Emeritus of Economics, Case Western Reserve University
Daniel D. Polsby Dean and Foundation Professor of Law, George Mason University
School of Law, Virginia
Arthur Pontynen, PhD Professor, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh
Scott A. Pullins, Esq. Executive Director, Consumer Alert, Ohio and Washington, DC
Howard S. Rich President, U.S. Term Limits, Washington, DC
Jay W. Richards, PhD Research Fellow, Acton Institute for Study of Religion & Liberty, MI
Co-author, The Privileged Planet
John H. Riskind, PhD Professor of Psychology, George Mason University, Virginia
Editor, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy
Brooke Rollins President Texas Public Policy Foundation, Texas
Jeffrey A. Rosensweig, PhD Assoc Professor, International Business and Finance, Emory U, Georgia
James Roumasset, PhD Professor of Economics, University of Hawaii
Signatories:
Educators and public policy experts 4
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Richard O. Rowland President, Grassroot Institute of Hawaii
Craig Rucker Executive Director, Committee For A Constructive Tomorrow, Virginia
- Eric Schansberg, PhDProfessor of Economics, Indiana University at New Albany, Indiana
Stephen Suleyman Schwartz Executive Director, Center for Islamic Pluralism, Washington, DC
Todd Seavey Editor, HealthFactsAndFears.com, New York
Holli A. Semetko, PhD Vice Provost for International Affairs, Emory University, Georgia
Tracie Sharp President, State Policy Network
Thomas R. Simmons, PhD. Professor, Greenfield Community College, Greenfield, Massachusetts
Daniel Mead Smith President, Washington Policy Center, Washington
Carlo Stagnaro Director, Free Market Environmentalism, Istituto Bruno Leoni, Italy
Patti Strand Executive Director, National Animal Interest Alliance, Oregon
Suprada Sukonthabhirom PhD candidate in Entomology, Kasetsart University, Thailand
Priscilla Tacujan Atlas Economic Research Foundation, Virginia and Philippines
Jose L. Tapia-Rocha President, Instituto de Libre Empressa, Peru
Steve Ugbah, PhD Professor, College of Business & Economics, California State Univ
Geert van Calster, Dr. PhD Co-director, Institute of Environme
ntal and Energy Law, Belgium
John Valentine Associate, Athena Capital Partners, Florida
Elena Draghici Vasilescu, PhD University of Oxford, England
Mario Villarreal Research Fellow, American Enterprise Institute. Mexico
Bob Williams President Evergreen Freedom Foundation, Washington
Whitney Tilson Board Member, Fistula Foundation, New York
(supports Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital in Ethiopia)
John D. Willis, PhD Director, Graduate Studies in Dispute Resolution, Sullivan Univ, KY
Xu Yiqiao Program Manager, Atlas Economic Research Fdn, Virginia and China
Signatories:
Business, political and government executives, and other people of conscience 1
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements of the Declaration.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
David M. Beasley Former Governor of South Carolina
Zbigniew Jaworowski Former Chairman, UN Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic
Radiation. Poland
Steffond Johnson CEO, The O’Shea Group, and former NBA basketball player, Texas
Supporter and participant, “Dunk Malaria†initiative
David Keene Chairman, American Conservative Union
Lance Laifer Co-Founder, Hedge Funds vs. Malaria, Connecticut
Tibor R. Machan, PhD Professor of Economics, Argyros School of Business and Economics
Chapman University, California
Edwin Meese III Former Attorney General of the United States
Alan Oxley Chairman, Australian APEC Centre, Monash University, Australia
David M. C. Robertson Drive Against Malaria, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Peter A. Samuelson President, Americans United for Life
Robert Whelan Deputy Director, Civitas: Institute for the Study of Civil Society
London, UK
Amb. Curtin Winsor, Jr. PhD Ambassador to Costa Rica (1983-85), Virginia
Trustee of William H. Donner Fdn and Former Trustee of Africare
Dr. Robert D. Wolgemuth, LHD Wolgemuth & Associates, Inc., Florida
Jennifer Burr Altabef Attorney, Dallas, Texas
Kalajine Anigbogu President, Global Real Estate Services Ltd, Illinois and Nigeria
Steven Baer Trustee, Chicago Freedom Trust, Illinois
Doug Bandow Columnist and economic analyst, Virginia
Alexander Barnett, PhD Artistic Director, Classic Theatre International. Maryland
Kalman Lee Benuska Structural Engineer, California
Stuart L. Berman, MSc Steelcase, Inc, Michigan
Richard & Joanne Beyer Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Donovan R. Bigelow, LLM. Psychotherapist and lecturer, Seattle, Washington
Randal & Deborah Birkey Oak Park, Illinois
Brian Bloss Student and member of Western Kentucky University forensics team
Russell Boast Associate Producer, The Malaria Project: 3 Billion and Counting, Calif
Keith W. Boatow Blue Magic Music, Inc., New York
Richard J. Boerner President, Seco Investments, Inc.
Thomas Borelli, PhD President, Free Enterprise Action Fund, New York
George Borgen Political organizer, Hialeah Florida
Sussy Borgen Consultant /Branch Manager, TS Consulting International, California
James T. Brankin CEO NetWeavers, Texas
Matthew J. Brouillette CEO, Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives, PA
Samuel A. Brunelli Senior Vice President, Team Builders International, Florida
Marcel D. P. Burgler, CCIM Principal Associate Broker, Prime Development Grand Rapids, MI
Signatories:
Business, political and government executives, and other people of conscience 2
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements of the Declaration.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Wesley Calhoun Student and member of Western Kentucky University forensics team
Christina Carroll Murray State University, Murray, KY
Alan Caruba President, The Caruba Organization, New Jersey
Ralph W. Conner Former Mayor, Maywood, Illinois
Phyllis Kurlander Costanza Advocate for children’s health and rights, Atlanta, Georgia
Ann Wilson Cramer Corporate Community Relations and Public Affairs, IBM Company
Mark R. Crovelli PhD candidate, University of Colorado at Boulder
Paolo Cugnasca New York, NY
James M Currin, PE Consulting mechanical engineer, Michigan
John D’Aloia, Jr. Captain, US Navy (retired), Columnist
Crystal A. Daly Computer Technician, Florida
Gene F. Danforth Paralegal and US Marine Corps (retired), Danbury, NH
Philip De Beer Progressive Architect, Self-Sustainable Ecological Housing, London
Michael F. Denny President, American Wine Distributors, San Francisco, California
Michael K. Doane Director, Biotechnology Acceptance, Monsanto Company
John Dziak Graduate student in statistics, Penn State University, Pennsylvania
Timothy M. Egan President, High Park Group, Canada
Randy Eminger Energy and Environment Analyst, Texas
Karl B. Erickson Oregon State Government, Independent Writer, Oregon
Luis Felipe Student in business administration, Santiago, Chile
Peter Flaherty President, National Legal and Policy Center, Washington, DC
Elizabeth A. Foreman Public Educator, Tucson, Arizona
Angela French Carlisle, Ohio
Maura C. Furey Chicago, Illinois
Gus Gianello Day Trader, Ontario, Canada
Roger and Jeannie Giellis Denver, Colorado
Indur Goklany Environmental Policy Analyst, Virginia
Nancy Watson Good Co-Founder, ChicagoCare Crisis Pregnancy Centers, Illinois
Gary J. Green Consultant, Energy, Environmental, Health & Safety Risk, Arizona
Nancy & Lucien Grimm Frederick County, VA
Roland Gunn Vice President, Peterson Companies, Virginia
Marc Daniel Gutekunst, PhD Co-Founder and CEO, Dekalb International Training Center, Georgia
Ivan Habanec Consultant, London, UK
William Hennen Pre-med, public health student, Utah
Member of Amnesty International
David Hogberg, PhD Senior Research Associate, Capital Research Center
Jenny Hone Editor, Scrip Magazine, United Kingdom
Carl F. Horowitz National Legal and Policy Center, Washington, DC
Signatories:
Business, political and government executives, and other people of conscience 3
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements of the Declaration.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Devin Hosea Managing Director, Ritchie Capital Management, New York
President and CEO, American Biophysics Corporation, Rhode Island
Barbara Howard Barbara Howard & Associates, Miami Beach, FL
Richard & Barbara L. Hubbard Associate Real Estate Brokers, Cirrus Realty Group, Phoenix, Arizona
Soleman A. Idd Rainforest conservation director, Gabon and New Jersey
Ararat Ayob Eritrean-American poet, Virginia
Paul Jacob Citizens in Charge Foundation, Virginia
Alexander Jech Graduate student in philosophy, Notre Dame University, Indiana
Frances Brigham Johnson International Property Rights Working Group, Virginia
James and Ulrike Karanja Bad Endbach-Hartenrod, Germany
Rick Klemm Executive Director, Hawaiian Alliance for Responsible Technology &
Science
Carol W. LaGrasse President, Property Rig
hts Foundation of America, New York
Neal J. Lang Vice President for Information Systems, MWI Corporation, Florida
Johnny Lattner 1953 Heisman Trophy Winner (Notre Dame)
Flo Limehouse Real estate broker, Tyler, Texas
Pierre Little Publisher, Atlantic Business Journal, New Brunswick, Canada
Michael W. Lutke Republic, Missouri
James & Mary Martorana Lakewood, California
Jeff Maslan President, Maryland State Pest Control Association
Mark Mathis Exec. Director, Citizens’ Alliance for Responsible Energy, New Mexico
Robert Migliori Boynton Beach FL
Roy Miller Phoenix, Arizona
Henry K. Mngerem Georgia and Nigeria
Martha Montelongo Commentator and radio host, California
Deneen Moore Free Enterprise Action Fund, New York
Charles F. Morton Union City, Michigan
William Nesler CEO, West Coast Aerial Applicators, Liberia
Mark Nichols President, Oklahoma Council of Public Affairs, Oklahoma
David Petch CBE London, England
William Pickell CEO, Washington Contract Loggers Association, Washington
Isaac Post Regulatory Analyst, Competitive Enterprise Inst, Washington, DC
Franklin Raff Executive Producer, Network Radio, Radio America, Virginia
Francesco Ramella, PhD. Freelance Consultant, Italy
Admiral Michael Ratliff Former Director of Naval Intelligence, US Navy (retired)
Ramon Reblora LCDR Ramon B Reblora PCG, Coast Guard, Philippines
Marjorie Ridley Comfort, Texas
Peter Schaefer International Development Specialist, Virginia
Justin Schwab PhD Candidate, University of California at Berkeley
Signatories:
Business, political and government executives, and other people of conscience 4
Note: Organizational affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not necessarily imply any formal organizational endorsements of the Declaration.
Name Title, affiliation(s) and state or country of residence:
Barre Seid CEO, Tripp Lite, Illinois
Jeffrey C. Silleck Executive Director, Pregnancy Decision Health Centers
John R. Slagle Tech Community College, Indiana
Sebastian Soto Fulbright/APSA Congressional Fellow, Washington, DC and Chile
Chauncey Starr President Emeritus, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA
Louis A. Stock Chemical Industry Engineer (Retired)
Garnett Stover, Dr. President, Stover Chiropractic, Virginia
Dale Stuart CPA, Rogers, Arkansas
Jernej Šuštar, MAE Walsh College, Troy, MI
James E. Swinnen McGlinchey Stafford, PLLC, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Tom Tevlin President & CEO, Greenspirit Strategies Ltd, British Columbia, Canada
John Tillman President, Americans for Limited Government, Illinois
Greg Valentine VP of Business Development, SEEGRID Corporation, Pennsylvania
Michael Vassar Actuary, Aon consulting, New York
Vaclav Venc Partner, Customs Business Solutions, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Christine C. Weber Systems Consultant, Cincinnati, Ohio
Michael R. Wetzel, ACF, CF Forester, Richardson Bell & McLeod, Georgia
Jeffrey Widmann Operations director, West Coast Aerial Applicators, South Dakota
David Williams Forth Worth, Texas
Linda Yarbrough` Widow of American relief worker and malaria victim, New Mexico
Jerry Zandstra, PhD Candidate for United States Senate, Michigan
Taras & Christina Zvir Washington DC
Jeffrey C. Zysik Managing Director, Tax & Administrative Services, Charitable Entity
Administration, Florida
Kill Malarial Mosquitoes NOW!
Background: Facts about DDT and opposition to it
The wide-ranging attacks on and near-banning of DDT is arguably history’s most devastating embrace of junk science. DDT is one of the single most effective tools for fighting malaria, a disease that kills over 1 million people annually. Most of these deaths are among children and pregnant women, and those lucky enough to survive malaria are often left brain-damaged and facing a blighted future.[2]
About 2.2 billion people live in malarial regions, and over half a billion people suffer acutely from the potentially fatal disease every year. Over 70 percent of them live in Africa.[3]
Malaria is not just an unnecessary human tragedy; it is also an economic disaster. The disease imposes a huge economic toll on malarial countries – discouraging foreign investors, incapacitating otherwise productive people, keeping millions at home to care for the sick, instead of producing goods and services, and exacting enormous healthcare costs that reduce budgets needed for other health, social and environmental programs.[4] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that malaria may exact an economic cost on impoverished nations in excess of $12 billion per year.[5]
On a cost-benefit basis, malaria control ranks among the top priorities for measures to improve the world, according to the Copenhagen Consensus 2004, a panel of world-leading economists sponsored by The Economist magazine. [6]
Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes, which carry deadly or debilitating protozoa from infected to non-infected people. Killing or repelling malarial mosquitoes has the bonus effect of halting other mosquito-borne diseases such as yellow fever and dengue fever. Shortly after the Second World War, DDT was used to eradicate or dramatically reduce malaria in the U.S., Europe, Canada, Australia, Brazil, Sri Lanka, India, and many southern African countries.
In 1971, WHO said DDT is the “major single factor that made the concept of time-limited eradication possible.†It recommended continuing insecticide availability, “particularly DDT.â€
Why? Because sprayed once or at most twice a year on mud and thatch huts and cinderblock homes common in Africa and other poor countries, DDT keeps mosquitoes from even entering, irritates those that do so they rarely bite, and kills most that land on the walls.
DDT both repels AND kills mosquitoes. Even mosquitoes resistant to DDT’s insect-killer properties are repelled from homes and buildings whose walls have been sprayed with the insecticide, thereby protecting all the people therein.
No other pesticide – at any price – is as effective, long-lasting, cost-effective and safe as DDT for killing and repelling malarial mosquitoes. In fact, DDT keeps up to 90 percent of mosquitoes from even entering a home. However, to kill (but generally not repel) DDT-resistant mosquitoes, alternative pesticides like synthetic pyrethroids and carbamates can also be effective.
No anti-malaria vaccine exists today, and there is little prospect of an effective vaccine being commercially available in the next ten years. Until that day, as history has shown, the best way to reduce or eliminate the incidence of malaria is to prevent the disease in the first place, by controlling the Anopheles mosquitoes that carry it.
This strategy works. Today, it can be combined with new and extremely effective artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT) medicines, which both cure malaria in afflicted patients, and interrupt the chain of malaria parasite transmission from an ill person to another mosquito, and then to the next uninfected victim. DDT targets the mosquit
o, and ACTs target the malaria parasite. Used together, they are stunningly effective, as recent studies from Southern Africa dramatically demonstrate.
Many malarial countries have woefully inadequate healthcare and transportation systems. As a result, many of those in need of treatment go without, and many die. If proper malaria controls were in place, fewer people would be infected, and those that are infected would have a better chance to receive effective drugs and treatment.
The US government promotes the use of anti-malarial drugs and insecticide-treated bed nets. These have a place in malaria control. But they cannot and should not replace other interventions, such as indoor spraying with insecticides, which dramatically reduce malaria cases and deaths.
In fact, indoor residual spraying with DDT reduced malaria cases and deaths by nearly 75 percent in Zambia over a two-year period – and by over 80 percent in South Africa in just one year.[7]
Having reduced malaria rates so dramatically, South Africa was then able to provide ACT medicines to a much smaller number of people who still became critically ill. In just three years, it slashed malaria rates by an astounding 96 percent![8] Other countries successfully followed South Africa’s lead, and others also want to.
It is therefore critical that the USAID, World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, Roll Back Malaria and other agencies help ensure that malaria endemic countries have ready access to DDT. Indeed, according to its own website, “the WHO recommends indoor residual spraying of DDT for vector control.â€[9] But in practice it rarely does. These agencies must ensure that countries can reduce their malaria levels far enough that all who nevertheless get the disease can be treated with ACTs (or other equally effective) therapies that will remain in extremely short supply for the foreseeable future.
Insecticide-treated nets certainly help to a limited degree. However, they often get torn. They only protect one or two people at a time. People often don’t use them, because the insecticide irritates their skin – or they forget … kick them off when it gets too unbearably hot under the net to sleep … don’t have enough for every family member … have no way to hang them up properly … or are still doing homework or housework when mosquitoes arrive.
Sleeping under a bed net is nearly impossible during torrid African nights, says Omololu Falobi, a journalist in Nigeria. Use the net anyway, and you get heat rashes all over your face and body. Most villages have no electricity to power fans or air conditioners, and many of the same environmentalists who oppose pesticides also oppose electricity generation on any scale that would power these cooling systems. Even in cities like Lagos, power outages are frequent, rendering fans and AC useless. “Even if you have a generator,†says Falobi, “you don’t want to put it on throughout the night, for fear of carbon monoxide poisoning.â€
Medicines that actually cure malaria (Artemisinin-based) are in critically short supply. Although some USAID bureaucrats also oppose devoting agency funds to ACT medicines, official agency statements raise expectations that there will be 55 million pediatric treatments by 2006. But those treatments must treat 500 million critically ill malaria patients worldwide. That means 445 million will not even have a chance to get treated. Indeed, even under the most optimistic scenarios, there will be sufficient supplies of ACT drugs to treat fewer than 1 in 4 patients for at least the next several years. DDT is absolutely critical to preventing malaria in the first place. Treatment alone will never work.
Expanding the production of Artemisia is also critical, however, and USAID, pharmaceutical companies and others are working hard to do so. More resources must be devoted to these efforts, too.
In highly endemic areas, people can get 1,000 infectious mosquito bites in a single year! Even with a 90% reduction in mosquitoes in the home (via DDT indoor spraying) or outside (through the use of other insecticides), they could still get 100 infectious bites per person per year. It is certain that some people will get malaria even with regular, effective spraying programs. That was and is the experience in South Africa and other countries, and those patients must have access to the very best medicine treatments in our repertoire.
Because they massively or completely eliminate malaria parasites (gametocytes) from the victim’s blood, ACTs have another equally vital benefit. They significantly reduce the probability that a malaria-infected person can pass the infection to a mosquito, and in turn to the next person who gets bitten. Indeed, the gametocidal effect of artemisinins may be comparable in magnitude to entomological (insecticidal) effects of DDT. Some research has found that one ACT drug (Coartem) slashed the proportion of patients carrying transmissible parasites to around 1/25 of what it had been when using older malaria medicines, such as SP or chloroquine, which are no longer clinically appropriate. In fact, these obsolete medicines may fail in 50 to 80 percent of the cases.
Recognition of these facts is the principal reason that South Africa was able to go from an 80 percent reduction in malaria disease and death rates, using DDT alone – and then to a 96 percent reduction over 3 years, using DDT in combination with Coartem.
Drugs designed to prevent (through prophylaxis) the onset of malaria (Chloroquine, Malarone, Doxycycline and others) are likewise inadequate for 2.2 billion people who are at risk from malaria worldwide. In any event, people living in malarial areas cannot take malaria prophylaxis over an extended period of time, because of the expense and the side-effects they will suffer
Only by slashing the number of people getting malaria, can malaria-wracked countries get the best drugs to those who still get sick. To do that, they need insecticides, especially DDT.
DDT and other insecticides helped eradicate malaria in the United States and Europe, saving countless lives. Today, insecticides are still our first line of defense against West Nile virus and other diseases. It is callous and hypocritical for the United States to tell African and other malarial endemic nations that they cannot spray insecticides, when we use aerial and ground spraying every day. Moreover, we spray insecticides directly into the environment, whereas spraying DDT for malaria control only sprays insecticides inside houses.
The USAID once funded very effective indoor residual spraying programs around the world. It can and must revive America’s and the world’s once-proud anti-malaria programs.
Used by trained specialists in indoor residual spraying programs, almost no DDT gets into the environment. It’s safe for humans, too. In its latest review of DDT, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences admits it cannot prove that DDT harms human health.
Indeed, about the worst thing opponents can say is that “measurable quantities†of DDT are “present†in human fatty tissue and mother’s breast milk, and “could†inhibit lactation or cause low birth weight babies. But these alleged problems are all but irrelevant compared to the risk of losing hundreds of thousands of children to malaria, year after year.
To a large extent, Rachel Carson’s 1962 book Silent Spring launched the modern environmental movement and inspired the US EPA’s 1972 domestic ban of DDT. Since then, the US ban has expanded into a de facto global ban, with deva
stating effects. Carson’s facts, however, were wrong.[10]
Extensive hearings on DDT before an EPA administrative law judge occurred during 1971-1972. The EPA hearing examiner, Judge Edmund Sweeney, concluded that “DDT is not a carcinogenic hazard to man …. DDT is not a mutagenic or teratogenic hazard to man …. The use of DDT under the regulations involved here does not have a deleterious effect on freshwater fish, estuarine organisms, wild birds or other wildlife.â€[11]
Overruling the EPA hearing examiner, EPA Administrator William Ruckelshaus banned DDT in 1972. However, Ruckelshaus never attended a single hour of the seven months of EPA hearings on DDT. His aides reported that he did not even read the transcript of the EPA hearings on DDT. [12]
How could this have happened? Because banning DDT was a political, not a scientific, decision. And its real author was President Richard M. Nixon.
“On February 10, 1970 he announced: ‘we have taken action to phase out the use of DDT and other hard pesticides.’ In December 1970, the administration created the EPA to implement executive environmental policy. As a 1975 study out of Northern Illinois University notes, ‘This is important. Long before the EPA hearings were convened and even before the EPA was created, Ruckelshaus’ boss, President Nixon, had stated that DDT was being phased out. This leaves the hearings themselves superfluous, satisfying only a court requirement.’”[13]
The DDT ban by EPA was followed by a USAID and WHO shift away from killing mosquitoes and toward other methods of malaria control (drug treatments, mosquito nets and more nebulous notions like “capacity building†and “integrated vector managementâ€). However, these methods have not proven even remotely as effective as indoor residual spraying and other pesticide programs.[14]
A now debunked, odiously Malthusian population control logic also supported the de facto DDT ban in Africa and other poor regions. A USAID official reportedly said of those whom malaria would kill as a result of the ban on DDT: “Rather dead than alive and riotously reproducing.†Others have made similar statements.[15]
Physician-author-medical researcher Michael Crichton has said the de facto ban on DDT to control malaria “has killed more people than Hitler.â€[16] This is all the more tragic because, in the nearly half-century since Silent Spring was written, no connection between DDT and cancer, birth defects or any other human malady has ever been scientifically demonstrated. The only documented environmental effects of residual DDT are possible reproductive harms to raptors, including thinning of their eggshells, and even these have not been demonstrated conclusively.[17]
DDT junk science drove the world to the brink of imposing a universal ban on DDT via the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. The convention, known as the POPs Treaty, would have made the de facto ban legally binding and permanent. However, conscientious scientists and public health officials rallied to carve out a “DDT exemption†in the treaty. That exemption:
1) restricts DDT use and production to disease vector (e.g. mosquito) control only and does not permit the insecticide’s renewed use for agriculture;
2) requires that countries using DDT must follow WHO guidelines for disease/vector control;
3) requires that countries notify the WHO if they use DDT;
4) requires that rich countries pay the “agreed incremental costs†of more expensive alternatives to DDT (this is located elsewhere in the treaty); and
5) encourages rich countries to support research and development of alternatives to DDT.
What the treaty does NOT require is equally important.
1) It does NOT require that a country notify WHO before it sprays DDT; thus, in an epidemic, a country may spray first and report to the WHO later.
2) It does NOT require that a country obtain the WHO’s approval at any time.
3) It does NOT require that poor countries bear the added cost of alternatives to DDT.
4) It does NOT set a deadline by which countries must stop using or producing DDT.
5) It does NOT restrict DDT use to malaria control, but allows its use for controlling any vector-borne disease.[18]
And yet, environmental imperialist ideology and inertia inside US-funded aid agencies keep ensuring the deaths of millions each year: USAID spent $80 million on malaria in 2004, but not a dime of it actually purchased insecticides – and only $4 million may have gone toward promoting or buying insecticide-treated bed nets. Most was spent on conferences, consultants and training programs.[19]
Overall, the world spends about $400 million a year in connection with malaria, most of it US money. Almost none of it is actually spent on killing and repelling mosquitoes.
Although signed in 2001 by the Bush Administration, the POPS treaty has not yet been ratified by the United States Senate. US ratification, if it occurs at all, should be conditioned on prior legislation tying US aid monies to DDT deployment for killing and repelling malarial mosquitoes.
Even big media have seen the light on DDT. In recent years, the New York Times, Washington Times, Newsweek, Forbes, Wall Street Journal, Chicago Sun-Times and other papers have run editorials strongly advocating the use of DDT to control mosquitoes and reduce malaria. The New York Times Magazine, New Yorker, Time, Washington Monthly, Washington Post, Christian Science Monitor and numerous other periodicals have carried articles and opinion columns advocating expanded DDT use to combat malaria and save lives.
Even some Greenpeace and World Wildlife Fund officials have conceded the life-saving need for DDT. “If alternatives to DDT aren’t working, you’ve got to use it. If there’s nothing else and it’s going to save lives, we’re all for it,†their spokesmen have said.[20]
DDT proponents advocate it primarily for indoor residual spraying on unpainted mud or cinderblock walls, which usually is the most cost-effective way to kill/repel malarial mosquitoes. This is akin to Americans spraying Raid insect killer on the walls of their homes, though DDT application typically would not involve aerosols and would have to occur far less often. With indoor spraying, there is a vanishingly-small risk that DDT will even reach the environment.
DDT opponents, however, downplay or ignore the undeniable disease, disability and death tolls that their anti-DDT policies have wreaked in Africa and other malaria-endemic regions.
They falsely equate indoor residual spraying (IRS) with aerial spraying – which itself involves only hypothetical, unproven risk to birds, and may be cost-effective and appropriate (using insect
icides other than DDT) in swampy areas near population centers.
They elevate minor hypothetical environmental risks from pesticides over major, very real human risks that those pesticides would reduce or eliminate.
DDT opponents ignore the fact that Dade County, Florida and numerous other US communities routinely spray insecticides to control mosquitoes and other insects that carry far less lethal diseases, like West Nile virus, or simply prove irksome to residents and tourists. They refuse to acknowledge that, in the wake of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the US government sprayed much of the flooded and devastated areas with insecticides, to halt the spread of insect-borne diseases.
DDT opponents choose birds over little boys and girls, in a false dichotomy that requires the sacrifice of neither. They advocate the development and distribution of vaccines, bed nets and treatment drugs, plus the implementation of sanitation and other programs. But these interventions will likely take decades to become effective, if they ever do so – and during that time malaria will needlessly slaughter millions more people, who would live if their countries could acquire and deploy DDT and other pesticides now.
We recognize that achieving our objective may require aggressive and public discrediting of these institutional opponents of DDT for IRS – who may, even now, be willing to sacrifice the lives of countless millions of men, women and children in Africa and on other continents, on the altar of junk science, nature worship and callous eco-imperialism. We will not hesitate to expose these organizations or the individuals who set their policies.
Deploying DDT in developing countries is good for the United States. Cutting malaria and other mosquito-borne disease rates: (1) permits strides in education, individual productivity and economic growth in Africa and elsewhere – reducing foreign aid claims on US politicians and taxpayers; (2) eliminates or quells the kinds of misery and non-productivity that often underlie regional unrest and result in requests for US military intervention, and (3) diminishes the ever-present danger of outbreaks, and even pandemics, of exotic, insect-borne diseases in the United States as a result of global travel by infected persons.
Probably no other single action by the United States has the potential for saving more lives, reducing or eliminating more disease, curtailing more human misery, and promoting greater development and prosperity than support for DDT use to control malaria.
Adding this insecticide to the world’s disease control arsenal, by compelling USAID and other aid and healthcare agencies to support its use, would arguably be the greatest single humanitarian and human rights action taken in the past quarter century. Its potential for changing world perceptions about the United States and other donor nations is likewise extensive.
By contrast, failing to Kill or Repel Malarial Mosquitoes NOW will clearly and inevitably result in the needless sickness of billions of children and parents in Africa and other malaria endemic regions of the world – and the needless deaths of millions. It will be seen by the world as a callous continuation of a DDT ban that Michael Crichton properly called “one of the most disgraceful episodes of the twentieth century history of America.â€
It is fraudulent science, incompetence and adamant refusal to face reality – rather than deliberate, calculated murder – that has spawned and perpetuated this slaughter. But the death toll equals or exceeds that of the Holocaust (6 million men, women and children) every five years. Since the ban on DDT was first implemented, the body count has surpassed that of all World War II.
[1] However, insecticides/repellants other than DDT are contemplated herein for outdoor or indoor applications, including rotation with DDT for IRS, if adjudged most cost-effective for malaria control by national health administrators for any given country.
[2] Testimony of Dr. Anne Peterson, Assistant Administrator for Global Health, USAID, before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Committee on Foreign Relations, October 6, 2004.
[3] Murru, Maurizio, “Malaria and DDT: Myths and Facts, Health Policy and Development, Vol. 2, No. 2, August 2004.
[4] Ibid. See also Roger Bate and Richard Tren, Malaria and the DDT Story, Institute of Economic Affairs (2003), www.iea.org.uk and Roger Bate, “The Blind Hydra: USAID policy fails to control malaria,†testimony before the United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs, Subcommittee on Federal Financial Management, Government Information & International Security, May 12, 2005.
[5] WHO, Fact Sheet on Malaria, www.who.int
[6] See The Wall Street Journal, June 8, 2005 (editorial): “The brainchild of Danish statistician Bjorn Lomborg, the Consensus is an attempt by leading economists (including three Nobel Prize Laureates) to set priorities for spending on development using traditional cost-benefit analysis. ‘We need to know what we should do first,’ says Mr. Lomborg. ‘Not being willing to prioritize does not make the problem go away: It simply becomes less clear – and, most likely, more expensive to solve in the end.’†In a responsive June 21, 2005 letter to the editor of the same periodical, physician James Horton said that malarial “disease control was crucial to the rise of the [American] South. The lesson from Southern history is that Third World economies improve when we address the burdens of diseases like malaria.â€
[7] See Richard Tren and Roger Bate, “South Africa’s War on Malaria†Policy Analysis No. 513, March 25, 2004, Cato Institute, Washington DC; Gautam Naik, “Novartis drug shows promise against malaria,†Wall Street Journal, October 3, 2005 (“Malaria infections and deaths plunged 96% in a three-year period,†Naik noted, when South Africa combined new Artemisin-based drugs with DDT indoor spraying in KwaZulu-Natal Province, a region the size of Indiana.)
[8] See Karen Barnes, David Durrheim, et al., “Effect of Artemether-Lumefantrine policy and improved vector control on malaria burden in KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa,†PLoS Medicine (Public Library of Science), Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2005; http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020330
[9] See http://www.who.int/malaria/docs/FAQonDDT.pdf
[10] For example, Carson claimed “exposure to DDT, even when doing no observable harm to birds, may seriously affect reproduction. Quail into whose diet DDT was introduced throughout the breeding season survived and even produced normal numbers of fertile egg
s. But few of the eggs hatched.†In fact, the Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry study she cited actually determined that, when birds were fed high doses of DDT throughout their breeding season, 80% of the quail eggs hatched (compared with “control†birds that were fed no DDT and hatched 84% of their eggs), and more than 80% of pheasant eggs hatched (compared with “control†birds that hatched only 57% of their eggs). See Edwards, J. Gordon, “DDT: A case study in scientific fraud,†Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons, Vol. 9, No. 3, Fall 2004; http://www.jpands.org/vol9no3/edwards.pdf; Alexander Gourevitch, “Better Living Through Chemistry: DDT could save millions of Africans from dying of malaria – if only environmentalists would let it,†Washington Monthly, March 2003; Tina Rosenberg, “What the world needs now is DDT,†New York Times Magazine, April 10, 2004.
[11] Sweeney, EM. 1972. EPA Hearing Examiner’s recommendations and findings concerning DDT hearings, April 25, 1972 (40 CFR 164.32, 113 pages). Summarized in Barrons (May 1, 1972), The Oregonian (April 26, 1972) and J. Gordon Edwards (op. cit.). But in 1970, then Assistant US Attorney General Ruckelshaus said: “DDT is not endangering the public health and has an amazing and exemplary record of safe use. DDT, when properly used at recommended concentrations, does not cause a toxic response in man or other mammals and is not harmful. The carcinogenic claims regarding DDT are unproved speculation.â€
[12] Santa Ana Register, April 25, 1972 and Edwards.
[13] Bate, Roger, “The Worst Thing Richard Nixon Ever Did,†4/15/2004 at http://www.techcentralstation.com/041504I.html
[14] See Donald Roberts, Professor of Tropical Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (Bethesda, MD), testimony before U.S. Senate Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Committee on Foreign Relations, October 6, 2004.
[15] Desowitz, R.S., Malaria Capers, W.W. Norton Company, 1992. Jacques Cousteau told Nouvelle Observateur, “In order to stabilize world populations, we must eliminate 350,000 people a day.†Asked whether banning DDT would result in more deaths from disease, Environmental Defense Fund scientist Charles Wurster once said, “People are the cause of all the problems. We need to get rid of some of them, and this is as good a way as any.†Club of Rome director Alexander King wrote in The Discipline of Curiosity, “My chief quarrel with DDT in hindsight is that it greatly added to the population problem.†Sierra Club director Michael McCloskey opined, “By using DDT, we reduce mortality rates in underdeveloped countries, without the consideration of how to support the increase in populations.â€
[16] In a 2003 speech to the San Francisco Commonwealth Club, Crichton said: “Banning DDT is one of the most disgraceful episodes in the twentieth century history of America. We knew better, and we did it anyway, and we let people around the world die, and we didn’t give a damn.â€
[17] Further details on the faulty science behind claims against DDT can be found on CATO Institute adjunct scholar Steven Milloy’s website: http://junkscience.com/ddtfaq.htm
[18] Attaran, Amir, Malaria Foundation International website, at http://www.malaria.org/DDTpage.html .
[19] Bate, Roger, “The Blind Hydra,†testimony before U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Federal Financial Management, Government Information & International Security, May 12, 2005.
[20] Kristof, Nicholas, “It’s time to spray DDT,†New York Times, January 8, 2005.